International

ˌɪntəˈnæʃənl adj. & n. --adj. 1 existing, involving, or carried on between two or more nations. 2 agreed on or used by all or many nations (international date-line; international driving licence). --n. 1 a a contest, esp. in sport, between teams representing different countries. b a member of such a team. 2 a (International) any of four associations founded (1864-1936) to promote socialist or communist action. b a member of any of these. øinternational law a body of rules established by custom or treaty and agreed as binding by nations in their relations with one another. international system of units a system of physical units based on the metre, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, candela, and mole, with prefixes to indicate multiplication or division by a power of ten. international unit a standard quantity of a vitamin etc. øøinternationality n. internationally adv.

internationally

ˌɪntəˈnæʃənl adj. & n. --adj. 1 existing, involving, or carried on between two or more nations. 2 agreed on or used by all or many nations (international date-line; international driving licence). --n. 1 a a contest, esp. in sport, between teams representing different countries. b a member of such a team. 2 a (International) any of four associations founded (1864-1936) to promote socialist or communist action. b a member of any of these. øinternational law a body of rules established by custom or treaty and agreed as binding by nations in their relations with one another. international system of units a system of physical units based on the metre, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, candela, and mole, with prefixes to indicate multiplication or division by a power of ten. international unit a standard quantity of a vitamin etc. øøinternationality n. internationally adv.

ˌɪntəˈnæʃənl adj. supranational, global, worldwide, universal, intercontinental, cosmopolitan, ecumenic(al) or oecumenic(al); foreign: An international conference is being held on disarmament. My father is engaged in international trade.

ˌintə'næʃənl

ˌintə'næʃənl

International \In`ter*na"tion*al\, n. [Cf. F. internationale.] [1913 Webster] 1. The International; an abbreviated from of the title of the International Workingmen's Association, the name of an association, formed in London in 1864, which has for object the promotion of the interests of the industrial classes of all nations. [1913 Webster] 2. A member of the International Association. [1913 Webster]

International \In`ter*na"tion*al\, a. [Pref. inter- + national: cf. F. international.] [1913 Webster] 1. Between or among nations; pertaining to the intercourse of nations; participated in by two or more nations; common to, or affecting, two or more nations. [1913 Webster] 2. Of or concerning the association called the International. [1913 Webster] 3. Independent of national boundaries; common to all people; as, the atmosphere is an international resource; the international community of scholars. [PJC] {International code} (Naut.), a common system of signaling adopted by nearly all maritime nations, whereby communication may be had between vessels at sea. {International copyright}. See under {Copyright}. {International law}, the rules regulating the mutual intercourse of nations. International law is mainly the product of the conditions from time to time of international intercourse, being drawn from diplomatic discussion, textbooks, proof of usage, and from recitals in treaties. It is called public when treating of the relations of sovereign powers, and private when of the relations of persons of different nationalities. International law is now, by the better opinion, part of the common law of the land. Cf. Conflict of laws, under {Conflict}. --Wharton. [1913 Webster]

I. adjective Date: 1780 1. of, relating to, or affecting two or more nations 2. of, relating to, or constituting a group or association having members in two or more nations 3. active, known, or reaching beyond national boundaries • internationality noun • internationally adverb II. noun Date: 1870 one that is international; especially an organization of international scope

adj. & n. --adj. 1 existing, involving, or carried on between two or more nations. 2 agreed on or used by all or many nations (international date-line; international driving licence). --n. 1 a a contest, esp. in sport, between teams representing different countries. b a member of such a team. 2 a (International) any of four associations founded (1864-1936) to promote socialist or communist action. b a member of any of these. Phrases and idioms: international law a body of rules established by custom or treaty and agreed as binding by nations in their relations with one another. international system of units a system of physical units based on the metre, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, candela, and mole, with prefixes to indicate multiplication or division by a power of ten. international unit a standard quantity of a vitamin etc. Derivatives: internationality n. internationally adv.

internationally

international internationally

a. Between nations.

International \In`ter*na"tion*al\, n. [Cf. F. internationale.] 1. The International; an abbreviated from of the title of the International Workingmen's Association, the name of an association, formed in London in 1864, which has for object the promotion of the interests of the industrial classes of all nations. 2. A member of the International Association.

International \In`ter*na"tion*al\, a. [Pref. inter- + national: cf. F. international.] 1. Between or among nations; pertaining to the intercourse of nations; participated in by two or more nations; common to, or affecting, two or more nations. 2. Of or concerning the association called the International. {International code} (Naut.), a common system of signaling adopted by nearly all maritime nations, whereby communication may be had between vessels at sea. {International copyright}. See under {Copyright}. {International law}, the rules regulating the mutual intercourse of nations. International law is mainly the product of the conditions from time to time of international intercourse, being drawn from diplomatic discussion, textbooks, proof of usage, and from recitals in treaties. It is called public when treating of the relations of sovereign powers, and private when of the relations of persons of different nationalities. International law is now, by the better opinion, part of the common law of the land. Cf. Conflict of laws, under {Conflict}. --Wharton.

(a.) Between or among nations; pertaining to the intercourse of nations; participated in by two or more nations; common to, or affecting, two or more nations.

international adj 1: concerning or belonging to all or at least two or more nations; "international affairs"; "an international agreement"; "international waters" [ant: {national}] 2: from or between other countries; "external commerce"; "international trade"; "developing nations need outside help" [syn: {external}, {outside(a)}] n : any of several international socialist organizations [syn: {International}]

(a.) Of or concerning the association called the International.

(n.) The International; an abbreviated from of the title of the International Workingmen's Association, the name of an association, formed in London in 1864, which has for object the promotion of the interests of the industrial classes of all nations.

(n.) A member of the International Association.

NATO infrastructure projects are usually denominated in International Accounting Units. The IAU is a unit of measure based on the exchange rates of the 16 NATO member countries and is reevaluated every six months.

The IAF, created in January 1993, is a group of international accreditation bodies which has joined together to promotion international recognition of accreditation for quality systems (ISO 9000) registrars. Signatories include representatives of accrediting bodies in Australia, Canada, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and the United States.

international affairs n : affairs between nations; "you can't really keep up with world affairs by watching television" [syn: {world affairs}]

An international agreement is governed by international law; the term refers to a broad classification of legally binding arrangements between states. The arrangements include: treaties, conventions, protocols, annexes, accords, and memoranda of understanding. Other common titles include notes, pact, declaration, statute, constitution and process-verbal. The title is not a controlling factor in making distinctions among arrangements. Some titles are not used consistently; and titles are often used as synonyms, with subtlety in differentiation and resulting in an inability to apply certitude in definition. In this context, the following general characteristics apply:

See: Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research

IATA, established in 1945, is a trade association serving airlines, passengers, shippers, travel agents, and governments. The association promotes safety, standardization in forms (baggage checks, tickets, weigh bills), and aids in establishing international airfares. IATA headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.

International Algebraic Language {ALGOL 58}

Ampere \Am`p[`e]re"\ ([aum]N`p[^a]r"), Ampere \Am*pere"\ ([a^]m*p[=a]r"), n. [From the name of a French electrician.] (Elec.) The unit of electric current; -- defined by the International Electrical Congress in 1893 and by U. S. Statute as, one tenth of the unit of current of the C. G. S. system of electro-magnetic units, or the practical equivalent of the unvarying current which, when passed through a standard solution of nitrate of silver in water, deposits silver at the rate of 0.001118 grams per second. Called also the {international amp[`e]re}. [1913 Webster]

Ampere \Am`p[`e]re"\ ([aum]N`p[^a]r"), Ampere \Am*pere"\ ([a^]m*p[=a]r"), n. [From the name of a French electrician.] (Elec.) The unit of electric current; -- defined by the International Electrical Congress in 1893 and by U. S. Statute as, one tenth of the unit of current of the C. G. S. system of electro-magnetic units, or the practical equivalent of the unvarying current which, when passed through a standard solution of nitrate of silver in water, deposits silver at the rate of 0.001118 grams per second. Called also the {international amp[`e]re}.

international ampere n : a former unit of electric current (slightly smaller than the SI ampere) [syn: {ampere}]

In general, operations outside the territory of the United States, including operations between U.S. points separated by foreign territory or major expanses of international waters.

The IACC, founded in 1978, is a non-profit organization located in Washington, D.C. The IACC seeks to advance intellectual property rights (IPR) protection on a worldwide basis by promoting laws, regulations, and directives designed to render theft of IPR unattractive and unprofitable.

International Association of Lions clubs n : club dedicated to promoting responsible citizenship and good government and community and national and international welfare [syn: {Lions Club}, {International Association of Lions clubs}]

The IAEA, a specialized agency of the UN, is the primary international organization that enforces a system of safeguards to ensure that non-nuclear weapons states do not divert shipments of sensitive nuclear-related equipment from peaceful applications to the production of nuclear weapons. Before a supplier state of nuclear materials or equipment may approve an export to a non-nuclear weapons NPT (Nuclear non-Proliferation Treaty) signatory state, it must receive assurances that the recipient will place the material under IAEA safeguards. Subsequent to shipment, the recipient state must allow IAEA officials to verify the legitimate end use of the exported materials or equipment. IAEA, established in July 1957, gives advice and technical assistance to developing countries on nuclear power development, nuclear safety, radioactive waste management, and related efforts. Safeguards are the technical means applied by the IAEA to verify that nuclear equipment or materials are used exclusively for peaceful purposes. IAEA headquarters are in Vienna, Austria.

International Atomic Energy Agency n : the United Nations agency concerned with atomic energy [syn: {International Atomic Energy Agency}, {IAEA}]

The International Atomic Energy List is one of three lists maintained by CoCom. The AEL, comprising strictly nuclear-related items that are also of commercial value, consists of: materials, facilities, nuclear-related equipment, and software. State, which has the lead in U.S. negotiations concerning the AEL, relies on DOE experts.

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development n : a United Nations agency created to assist developing nations by loans guaranteed by member governments [syn: {International Bank for Reconstruction and Development}, {World Bank}, {IBRD}]

I. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, a part of the World Bank, was established in December 1945 to help countries reconstruct their economies after World War II. IBRD assists developing member countries by lending to government agencies and by guaranteeing private loans for such projects as agricultural modernization or infrastructural development. Bank headquarters are in Washington, D.C. See: World Bank II. Commonly referred to as the World Bank, the IBRD is an intergovernmental financial institution with the objective of raising world living standards and reducing poverty in developing countries.

The IBA, passed in 1978, established a federal legislative framework for governing the activities of foreign banks, which previously had been governed only by state laws. The IBA established a policy of national treatment for U.S. offices of foreign banks by: (a) limiting any new multistate branching activities to activities more comparable to those of U.S. banks; (b) placing the foreign bank offices under the same reserve requirements that apply to U.S. banks; (c) limiting foreign bank involvement in U.S. securities; and (d) making federal deposit insurance available to U.S. offices of foreign banks if they chose to engage in retail banking. See: Foreign Bank Supervision Enhancement Act

An IBF is one of four categories of foreign banking in the United States. An IBF may be a domestic bank or an office of a foreign bank. In either circumstance, the IBF maintains asset and liability accounts that are segregated from domestic activity and limited to financing international trade. IBFs are exempted from such requirements as: reserve levels and obligations to make some insurance premiums. In the U.S., eligibility requirements limit IBFs to business with other IBFs and with non-U.S. residents. U.S. banks may structure operations to draw foreign customer deposits and loans to their domestic offices. See: Offshore Banking Unit

International Business Machines (IBM) The best known American computer manufacturer, founded by Thomas J. Watson (born 1874-02-17), known as "Big Blue" after the colour of its logo. IBM makes everything from {mainframes} to {personal computers} (PCs) and has been immensely successful in selling them, chiefly to business. It has often been said that "Nobody has ever been sacked for buying IBM". The {IBM PC} in its various versions has been so successful that unqualified reference to a "PC" almost certainly means a PC from IBM, or one of the many brands of {clone} produced by other manufacturers to cash in on IBM's original success. Alternative expansions of "IBM" such as Inferior But Marketable; It's Better Manually; Insidious Black Magic; It's Been Malfunctioning; Incontinent Bowel Movement, illustrate the considerable antipathy most hackers have long felt toward the "industry leader" (see {fear and loathing}). Quarterly sales $15351M, profits $689M (Aug 1994). {Home (http://www.ibm.com/)}. (1999-04-07)

IBOS is a World Bank subscription package which includes information on upcoming projects and business opportunities. The Service includes: (a) the Monthly Operational Summary (MOS) listing all projects in the pipeline; (b) Technical Data Sheets (TDS), published for each approved loan, listing identifying information, procurement methods, cofinancing and similar data; (c) general procurement notices, issued for projects involving international competitive bidding; (d) specific procurement notices describing specific items to be procured and bidding requirements; and (e) major contract award notices identifying successful bidders for contracts which were recently awarded. See: International Competitive Bidding Limited International Bidding Local Competitive Bidding

international candle n : a former international unit of luminous intensity; now replaced by the candela

The ICHCA: (a) collects, edits, and disseminates technical information relating to cargo handling by all modes of transport; (b) maintains consultative status with the International Standards Organization for the development of standards relating to cargo handling equipment (such as hooks, containers, wire slings, spreaders, and pallets); (c) maintains a library for members' use; and (d) represents members' interests on an international basis. There is an ICHSA U.S. National Section. The ICHCA Secretariat General is in London, England.

ICSID, an affiliate of the World Bank, is a public international organization which provides facilities for the conciliation and arbitration of investment disputes between Contracting States and nationals of other Contracting States. The Centre's objective is to promote an atmosphere of mutual confidence between States and foreign investors conducive to increasing the flow of private international investment. The Centre does not itself engage in conciliation or arbitration but assists in the initiation and conduct of conciliation and arbitration proceedings. Recourse to conciliation and arbitration under the ICSID Convention is entirely voluntary. However, once the parties have consented, they are bound to carry out their undertakings and, the case of arbitration, to abide by the award. All Contracting States, whether or not parties to the dispute, are required to recognize awards rendered pursuant to the Convention as binding and to enforce the pecuniary obligations imposed thereby. The Centre also conducts and publishes research in foreign investment law. ICSID was created under a treaty, the Convenion on the Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other States (the ICSID Convention) which entered into force in October 1966. The Centre's headquarters are in Washington, D.C. See: World Bank

ICC was created in 1919 to promote free trade, private enterprise, and represent business interests at national and international levels. Members include national councils from sixty countries. ICC headquarters are in Paris, France.

The ICAO is an United Nations specialized agency which promotes international cooperation in civil aviation. The ICAO Council adopts standards and recommended practices concerning air nagivation, prevention of unlawful interference, and facilitation of border-crossing procedures for international civil aviation. Operating since 1947, ICAO includes almost all U.N. members. Headquarters are in Montreal, Canada.

International Civil Aviation Organization n : the United Nations agency concerned with civil aviation [syn: {International Civil Aviation Organization}, {ICAO}]

International \In`ter*na"tion*al\, a. [Pref. inter- + national: cf. F. international.] [1913 Webster] 1. Between or among nations; pertaining to the intercourse of nations; participated in by two or more nations; common to, or affecting, two or more nations. [1913 Webster] 2. Of or concerning the association called the International. [1913 Webster] 3. Independent of national boundaries; common to all people; as, the atmosphere is an international resource; the international community of scholars. [PJC] {International code} (Naut.), a common system of signaling adopted by nearly all maritime nations, whereby communication may be had between vessels at sea. {International copyright}. See under {Copyright}. {International law}, the rules regulating the mutual intercourse of nations. International law is mainly the product of the conditions from time to time of international intercourse, being drawn from diplomatic discussion, textbooks, proof of usage, and from recitals in treaties. It is called public when treating of the relations of sovereign powers, and private when of the relations of persons of different nationalities. International law is now, by the better opinion, part of the common law of the land. Cf. Conflict of laws, under {Conflict}. --Wharton. [1913 Webster]

International \In`ter*na"tion*al\, a. [Pref. inter- + national: cf. F. international.] 1. Between or among nations; pertaining to the intercourse of nations; participated in by two or more nations; common to, or affecting, two or more nations. 2. Of or concerning the association called the International. {International code} (Naut.), a common system of signaling adopted by nearly all maritime nations, whereby communication may be had between vessels at sea. {International copyright}. See under {Copyright}. {International law}, the rules regulating the mutual intercourse of nations. International law is mainly the product of the conditions from time to time of international intercourse, being drawn from diplomatic discussion, textbooks, proof of usage, and from recitals in treaties. It is called public when treating of the relations of sovereign powers, and private when of the relations of persons of different nationalities. International law is now, by the better opinion, part of the common law of the land. Cf. Conflict of laws, under {Conflict}. --Wharton.

An agreement signed by 67 countries, representing all of the world's major exporters and importers of coffee. The International Coffee Organization, ICO, acted as a forum for market participants since the early 1960s, but has not regulated markets since July 1989, when consuming and exporting country members were unable to agree on export quotas. Since suspending export quotas, the ICO has been acting mainly as a center for meetings and as a collector of statistics on the coffee market. The forum scheduled a September 1994 decision on future directions for the ICO. The Association of Coffee Producing Countries, a new pact comprising 28 members which account for 85 percent of world coffee exports, has been seeking to strengthen world prices through an export-retention plan.

See: International Coffee Agreement

An ICA is an international understanding, usually reflected in a legal instrument, relating to trade in a particular basic commodity, and based on terms negotiated and accepted by most of the countries that export and import commercially significant quantities of the commodity. Some commodity agreements (such as exists for coffee, cocoa, natural rubber, sugar, and tin) center on economic provisions intended to defend a price range for the commodity through the use of buffer stocks or export quotas or both. Other commodity agreements (such as existing agreements for jute and jute products, olive oil, and wheat) promote cooperation among producers and consumers through improved consultation, exchange of information, research and development, and export promotion.

ICB is one of several forms of procurement made with World Bank financing. While the World Bank provides financing from its loans for the contracts and ensures that agreed procurement procedures are observed, the borrower, not the World Bank, is always responsible for procurement. ICB requires that: (a) all goods or works to be procured through ICB be internationally advertised through the United Nations (in the publication: Development Business) and at least one major local newspaper; (b) bids be entertained in the bidder's or other currencies in which expenses would normally be occurred on in an international currency specified by the borrower; (c) payments be made in the currencies in the bids, without requirement to accept any portion of payment in countertrade; (d) documents be in an international language (English, French, or Spanish); (e) bids be openly reviewed; and (f) contracts be awarded to the lowest evaluated responsive bid. ICB permits a margin of preference to be given to domestic goods and, under certain conditions, to domestic contracting services in developing countries. See: International Business Opportunities Service Limited International Bidding Local Competitive Bidding

International Computers Limited plc (ICL) A UK hardware and software manufacturer specialising in systems integration in selected markets, supported by its service and technology businesses. ICL operates in over 80 countries worldwide, with 24000 employees and revenues of £2.6 billion in 1993. ICL produced {George 2}, {George 3}, {VME}, {OpenVME}, {Series 39}, {DME}, {CME}, the {ICL 1900} and {ICL 2900} series. {Home (http://www.icl.co.uk/)} {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:alt.sys.icl}. (1995-04-19)

See: Confederation Internationale du Credit Agricole

ICFTU was established in 1949 to promote the trade union movement by recognizing workers' organizations and through other means of support for the rights of workers to bargain. Members include more than 140 national organizations from nearly 100 countries. ICFTU organizes and educates free trade unions in the developing world primarly through its three regional organizations: APRO for Asia and the Pacific located in New Delhi, India; AFRO in Afria, and ORIT in Latin America, located in Mexico City. ICFTU headquarters are in Brussels, Belgium.

The ICO is a U.S. Travel and Tourism Administration office that persuades international associations to select the U.S. as venues for their meetings. The ICO operates out of the American Embassy in Paris.

This Convention, developed by the Customs Cooperation Council, seeks to foster international trade and cooperation by simplifying and harmonizing customs procedures and operations. (The term "customs procedure is not used in the narrow sense of the treatment assigned to imported goods; it covers all provisions relating to a particular sphere of customs activity.) The Convention (also known as the "Kyoto Convention") was adopted in May 1973 in Kyoto, Japan as a core legal instrument with three original annexes on customs procedures. Nearly thirty additional annexes (each covering a different area of customs procedures and operations) have since been created. To ensure worldwide harmonization, the convention is also open to non-members of the CCC which are state members of the United Nations or its specialized agencies. A country is only required to accept the convention itself and at least one of the annexes to become a contracting party. (When the U.S. became party to the Covnention, effective January, 1984, it accepted twenty of the annexes and entered certain reservations with respect to some of their provisions.) The annexes contain definitions, standards, and recommended practices; and countries can reserve against any standard or recommended practice in a particular annex. There is also a provision obligating countries to review their national legislation every three years to determine if reservations can be removed. See: Customs Cooperation Council

International \In`ter*na"tion*al\, a. [Pref. inter- + national: cf. F. international.] [1913 Webster] 1. Between or among nations; pertaining to the intercourse of nations; participated in by two or more nations; common to, or affecting, two or more nations. [1913 Webster] 2. Of or concerning the association called the International. [1913 Webster] 3. Independent of national boundaries; common to all people; as, the atmosphere is an international resource; the international community of scholars. [PJC] {International code} (Naut.), a common system of signaling adopted by nearly all maritime nations, whereby communication may be had between vessels at sea. {International copyright}. See under {Copyright}. {International law}, the rules regulating the mutual intercourse of nations. International law is mainly the product of the conditions from time to time of international intercourse, being drawn from diplomatic discussion, textbooks, proof of usage, and from recitals in treaties. It is called public when treating of the relations of sovereign powers, and private when of the relations of persons of different nationalities. International law is now, by the better opinion, part of the common law of the land. Cf. Conflict of laws, under {Conflict}. --Wharton. [1913 Webster]

Copyright \Cop"y*right\, n. The right of an author or his assignee, under statute, to print and publish his literary or artistic work, exclusively of all other persons. This right may be had in maps, charts, engravings, plays, and musical compositions, as well as in books. [1913 Webster] Note: In the United States in 1913 a copyright was valid for the term of twenty-eight years, with right of renewal for fourteen years on certain conditions. The term was extended in stages, and in 1997 the term of a copyright was life plus 50 years for individuals retaining their copyright, or 75 years for works created for hire. Further extension is still (1998) being discussed. [1913 Webster +PJC] {International copyright}, an author's right in his productions as secured by treaty between nations. [1913 Webster]

International \In`ter*na"tion*al\, a. [Pref. inter- + national: cf. F. international.] 1. Between or among nations; pertaining to the intercourse of nations; participated in by two or more nations; common to, or affecting, two or more nations. 2. Of or concerning the association called the International. {International code} (Naut.), a common system of signaling adopted by nearly all maritime nations, whereby communication may be had between vessels at sea. {International copyright}. See under {Copyright}. {International law}, the rules regulating the mutual intercourse of nations. International law is mainly the product of the conditions from time to time of international intercourse, being drawn from diplomatic discussion, textbooks, proof of usage, and from recitals in treaties. It is called public when treating of the relations of sovereign powers, and private when of the relations of persons of different nationalities. International law is now, by the better opinion, part of the common law of the land. Cf. Conflict of laws, under {Conflict}. --Wharton.

{International copyright}, an author's right in his productions as secured by treaty between nations.

International Core War Society (ICWS) The official standards body for {Core War}. (1996-02-16)

The International Research Council (a predecessor organization to ICSU) was created in 1919 to coordinate international activity in the different branches of science and their applications. ICSU, founded in 1931, is a non-governmental organization with two categories of members: (a) national, multidisciplinary scientific academies or research councils which promote cooperation and research and (b) international organizations which promote cooperation in a single field of science (scientific unions). A small headquarters office is in Paris, France. The Council seeks to break the barriers of specialization through international interdisciplinary programs and research bodies.

The ICJ, established in 1945, is the principal judicial organ of the UN. The ICJ decides cases submitted to it by states and gives advisory opinions on legal questions submitted to it by the General Assembly or Security Council or by UN specialized agencies. The court is composed of 15 judges elected by the General Assembly and the Security Council from a list of persons nominated by the national groups in the Permanent Court of Arbitration. The seat of the Court is in The Hague, Netherlands.

International Court of Justice n : a court established to settle disputes between members of the United Nations [syn: {International Court of Justice}, {World Court}]

Auslandsüberweisung {f}

The IDB, which is maintained by the Center for International Research, is an automated data bank containing statistical tables of demographic, economic, and social data for all countries of the world. Data categories include: population; vital statistics; health and nutrition; fertility, migration; foreign-born and refugee statistics; provinces and cities; marital status; family planning; ethnic, religious and language groups; literacy and education; labor force, employment, income and gross national product; and household size and housing indicators. IDB data users include the U.S. government, private firms, research institutions, and international organizations. See: Center for International Research

International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) A conventional {encryption} {algorithm}, written by Xuejia Lai and James Massey, in 1992. It is a {block cipher}, considered to be the best and most secure available, and operates on 64-bit blocks with a 128 bit {key}. It is used by {Pretty Good Privacy}. (1996-03-07)

Datumsgrenze {f}

Date line \Date line\ The hypothetical line on the surface of the earth fixed by international or general agreement as a boundary on one side of which the same day shall have a different name and date in the calendar from its name and date on the other side. Also called {International Date Line}. [Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC] Note: Speaking generally, the date line coincides with the meridian 180[deg] from Greenwich. It deflects between north latitudes 80[deg] and 45[deg], so that all Asia lies to the west, all North America, including the Aleutian Islands, to the east of the line; and between south latitudes 12[deg] and 56[deg], so that Chatham Island and the Tonga group lie to the west of it. A vessel crossing this line to the westward sets the date forward by one day, as from Sunday to Monday. A vessel crossing the line to the eastward sets the date back by one day, as from Monday to Sunday. Hawaii has the same day name as San Francisco; Manila, the same day name as Australia, and this is one day later than the day of Hawaii. Thus when it is Monday May 1st at San Francisco it is Tuesday may 2d at Manila. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

noun Date: circa 1909 an arbitrary line approximately along the 180th meridian designated as the place where each calendar day begins

International Date Line n : an imaginary line on the surface of the earth following (approximately) the 180th meridian [syn: {dateline}, {date line}, {International Date Line}]

An IDR is a negotiable bank-issued certificate representing ownership of stock securities by an investor outside the country of origin. The securities backing the receipt remain in the custody of the issuing bank or a correspondent.

The IDA, a part of the World Bank Group, was created in 1959 (began operations in November 1990) to lend money to developing countries at no interest and for a long repayment period. IDA provides development assistance through soft loans to meet the needs of many developing countries that cannot afford development loans at ordinary rates of interest and in the time span of conventional loans. The Association's headquarters are in Washington, D.C. See: World Bank

International Development Association n : an agency of the United Nations affiliated with the World Bank [syn: {International Development Association}, {IDA}]

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) A {standard}isation body at the same level as {ISO}. [Relationship? Why separate?] (1995-04-21)

The International Electrotechnical Commission was established in 1906 to deal with questions related to international standardization in the electrical and electronic engineering fields. The members of the IEC are the national committees, one for each country, which are required to be as representative as possible of all electrical interests in the country concerned: manufacturers, users, governmental authorities, teaching, and professional bodies. They are composed of representatives of the various organizations which deal with questions of electrical standardization at the national level. Most of them are recognized and supported by their governments.

The International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) was enacted in 1977 to extend emergency powers previously granted to the President by the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917 (which still authorized the President to exercise extraordinary powers when the United States is at war). IEEPA enables the President, after declaring that a national emergency exists because of a threat from a source outside the United States, to investigate, regulate, compel or prohibit virtually any economic transaction involving property in which a foreign country or national has an interest.

The IEA was founded in 1974 as a forum for energy cooperation among 21 member nations. The IEA helped participating countries prepare to reduce the economic risks of oil supply disruptions and to reduce dependence on oil through coordinated and cooperative research efforts.

The IESC is a non-profit, Agency for International Development-funded organization which recruits retired U.S. executives and technical advisers to counsel businesses in developing nations on a volunteer basis. IESC's program includes short-term technical and managerial assistance and long-range trade and investment services. IESC was founded in 1964; headquarters is in Stamford, Connecticut.

The IEB governs the frequency of international exhibitions and oversees the guarantees and facilties which the host nation is required to offer. By agreement, member states may mount international exhibitions only after the events have been registered with IEB. Member states are also precluded from participating in exhibitions in non-member states in the absence of agreement by the Bureau. IEB, originally created in in 1928, was revised in 1972; headquarters are in Paris, France.

Auslandserfahrung {f}

International Fa, MN Zip code(s): 56649

International Falls, MN (city, FIPS 31040) Location: 48.58762 N, 93.40618 W Population (1990): 8325 (3306 housing units) Area: 16.2 sq km (land), 0.3 sq km (water)

International Federation for Information Processing A multinational federation of professional and technical organisations (or national groupings of such organisations) concerned with information processing. From any one country, only one such organisation - which must be representative of the national activities in the field of information processing - can be admitted as a Full Member. In addition, a regional group of developing countries can be admitted as a Full Member. On 1 October 1993, 46 organisations were Full Members of the Federation, representing 66 countries. IFIP was founded under the auspices of UNESCO and advises them and the {ITU-T}. {(http://www.dit.upm.es/~cdk/ifip.html)} (1995-03-10)

The IFC was established in 1956 as a member of the World Bank Group. The IFC promotes private sector investment in developing countries. The IFC charges market rates and seeks profitable returns. See: Africa Enterprise Fund Africa Project Development Facility African Management Services Company Caribbean/Central America Business Advisory Service World Bank

International Finance Corporation n : a United Nations agency that invest directly in companies and guarantees loans to private investors; affiliated with the World Bank [syn: {International Finance Corporation}, {IFC}]

international flight n : a flight that takes off in one country and lands in another [ant: {domestic flight}]

München

München

The IFRB (French: Comite International d'Enregistrement des Frequences) is an organizational entity under the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Located in Geneva, IFRB is composed of five full-time elected officials with a rotating chairmanship. IFRB maintains the International Frequency Register, monitors and analyzes all ITU records of frequency use around the world, and makes determinations as to whether or not certain systems are in compliance with the Radio Regulations.

International Function Point Users Group (IFPUG) A forum for the exchange of ideas about {Function Point Analysis}. IFPUG's membership now includes over 500 companies on four continents. Telephone: +1 (614) 8957130. (1995-03-10)

IFAD, created in 1976 (began operations in December 1977), provides financial support for programs which improve agricultural policies and increase food production among members. The Fund also seeks to improve nutrition in developing countries. IFAF membership includes over 140 nations; headquarters are in Rome, Italy.

International Grandmaster n : a chess player who has been awarded the highest title by the International Chess Federation [syn: {International Grandmaster}]

The CoCom industrial list contains dual-use items whose export are controlled for strategic reasons.

UNIDROIT studies methods for coordinate and unify the private and trade laws of member countries. The Institute (originally established in 1926 at the initiative of Italy and associated with the League of Nations) is independent, with headquarters in Rome, Italy.

The IIPA represents U.S. copyright-based industries in bilateral and multilateral efforts to improve international protection of copyrighted works. IIPA is composed of trade associations each representing a significant segment of the U.S. copyright community. IIPA was formed in 1984; headquarters are in Washington, D.C.

See: Foreign Direct Investment in the United States Portfolio Investment